General Dynamic Wormholes and Violation of the Null Energy Condition

Although wormholes can be treated as topological objects in spacetime and from a global point-of-view, a precise definition of what a wormhole throat is and where it is located can be developed and treated entirely in terms of local geometry. This has the advantage of being free from unnecesary technical assumptions about asymptotic flatness, and other global properties of the spacetime containing the wormhole. We discuss our recent work proving that the violation of the null energy condition (NEC) is a generic feature of all wormholes, whether they be time-dependent or static, and demonstrate that time-dependent wormholes have two throats, one for each direction through the wormhole, which coalesce only in the static limit.